Deep Brain Stimulation
نویسندگان
چکیده
Electrical stimulation of the basal ganglia [e.g., the same structure that demonstrates abnormal physiology in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients] relieves many of the motor symptoms of the disease. The treatment involves the placement of a permanent electrode in the basal ganglia as well as of a brain pacemaker that is placed under the skin of the chest and provides the power needed to produce electrical stimulation to the electrode inside the brain (Figure 1). Typically, the electrode incorporates four contacts that can provide various types of electrical stimuli. Therefore, there are many ways in which a physician can stimulate the brain using one electrode. The effect of the electrical stimulation on the motor symptoms of PD is almost immediate. Involuntary hand tremors can stop at once, the patients often get better control of their gait, and their quality of life improves. Today, deep brain stimulation for PD, Some patients with neurological diseases (e.g., a disease that involves abnormal brain function) do not respond well to the available medications and must resort to alternative surgical therapies to manage their symptoms. Parkinson’s disease (PD), for example, involves damage to a specific brain area called the basal ganglia and is characterized by reduced levels of a substance called dopamine in the brain. These changes to the brain physiology are associated with motor symptoms like imbalance, tremor, and slowness of motion, which can be very disabling. Fortunately, medications like levodopa can partially return the balance of dopamine in the brain and relieve the motor symptoms of the disease, especially in its early stages. However, as PD progresses, the drug therapy becomes less and less effective, and an additional therapy is needed.
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تاریخ انتشار 2014